Researchers identify drug that can be repurposed to treat COVID-19

New Delhi: Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal
and the University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Nebraska, (UNMC), USA have identified Rapamycin as a
potential drug that can be repurposed to treat COVID-19.
Rapamycin used to prevent organ rejection after transplants and in cancer treatment, was found to have
anti-aging effect and the potential to treat COVID-19 patients, researchers said. Currently being used for
patients having undergone organ transplantation and certain cancer patients, Rapamycin and its
analogues are commonly available in India and abroad.
Researchers showed that the biochemical working of this drug molecule points to its promise in the
treatment of COVID-19. The paper elaborates on the rationale of repurposing this drug for treating
COVID-19 patients. Since the repurposed drug has gone through the clinical development process for
the treatment of other diseases and has already been tested for toxicity, many steps in preclinical and
early clinical development can be avoided and the drug can be directly tested on COVID-19 subjects in
phase-II trials.
This study was jointly conducted by Dr. Amjad Husain, Principal Scientist, and Chief Executive Officer,
Innovation and Incubation Center for Entrepreneurship (IICE), IISER Bhopal, and Dr. Siddappa N.
Byrareddy, Associate Professor, Pharmacology, and Vice-Chair, Research at UNMC, USA. Research
findings were recently published in a peer-reviewed journal, Chemico Biological Interactions.
Elaborating on the importance of this finding, Dr. Amjad Husain, Principal Scientist, and Chief Executive
Officer, Innovation and Incubation Center for Entrepreneurship (IICE), IISER Bhopal, said, “The
development of a new drug is time-consuming and cannot be relied on as a solution in combating the
immediate pandemic. Drug repurposing is an attractive solution, wherein, an existing drug used to treat
another related or unrelated ailment may be tested against COVID-19.”
An example of such a repurposed drug is Remdesivir. It was originally developed to treat Hepatitis C
infection. The drug has shown limited success in treating COVID-19 patients. Identification of more such
drugs is important given the scale of the pandemic. Rapamycin works differently from Remdesivir. While
the latter targets the virus itself, this Rapamycin targets the host proteins and may resist the infection.
“Using repurposed drug such as Rapamycin that targets mTOR, a central molecule affecting multiple
signalling pathways, may yield a significant clinical benefit for the treatment of COVID-19” added Dr.
Husain.
One of the main challenges in developing antiviral drugs for COVID-19 has been the extensive mutations
that the virus undergoes, which makes one antiviral drug ineffective against another mutant, and the
development of drug-resistant strains. Treatment with drugs such as Rapamycin will not face that
problem because it acts on host proteins and not on the virus. Rapamycin inhibits protein synthesis and
can also arrest virus replication, irrespective of the type of mutant.

At a biochemical level, apart from inhibiting protein synthesis, Rapamycin has been known to inhibit
pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is known that severe COVID-19 infection results in an increase in
inflammatory cytokines in a process known as the ‘cytokine storm’. The inhibitory action of Rapamycin
towards cytokines also makes it a promising treatment for COVID-19.
Besides, Rapamycin is known to reduce obesity through various pathways and this can help in mitigating
the severity of COVID-19 effects in obese people.
Furthermore, Rapamycin is known to induce autophagy, a cellular recycling process that helps in
eliminating the damaged proteins and delaying aging. Given the connection between age and COVID
mortality, i.e. more fatalities with older people, the anti-aging properties of Rapamycin can have
protective effects against COVID-10-induced morbidities. (India Science Wire)

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